Lean manufacturing is an enterprise management concept based on the constant search, reduction or elimination of losses. Losses are understood to mean those actions, processes or operations that consume resources (human, temporary, material, etc.), but do not add value to the end or intermediate consumer.

Lean manufacturing changes the approach to managing the enterprise’s efficiency from extensive (working more and faster) to intensive (working more efficiently, that is, doing only what is necessary and not doing what can be done without).

Professionals with lean competencies will be able to increase the efficiency of departments or enterprises as a whole without attracting large investments. The relevance of lean management methods is growing because traditional management methods have already reached their peak, further business development will increasingly focus on intensive development and lean improvement methods.

They understand customer focus as the ability to work with customer requests, the ability of the company and employees to timely determine the desires of customers in order to satisfy them with their products or services with maximum benefit. This competency has become critical to the success of companies, competition for consumers is growing all the time, and all employers want to see customer-oriented employees. In the second half of the 20th century, the concept of an internal client appeared, i.e. an intermediate consumer located further along the production chain within the same company. Possession of this competency allows you to accurately understand the client’s request and offer the most suitable solution for him, as well as to build the production and service process more rationally, eliminating the stages that are not important for the client.

Skills of artistic creativity, the ability to express feelings and emotions in figurative forms, the ability to create your own artistic images, the presence of a developed aesthetic taste. In the future, robots and machines will replace humans in many areas.

The only sphere that is not yet available to machines is the sphere of creativity. Specialists with creative skills will gain an advantage in almost all areas of business.

The emerging trend of personification and individualization of goods and services will continue to develop and the day is not far off when all goods and services will become as personalized as possible. Accordingly, the demand for new creative forms of advertising and marketing that take into account the individual characteristics of the consumer will increase.

This area includes a variety of skills related to the development and adjustment of artificial intelligence systems, the adjustment and tuning of robots, the development of programs for controlling production processes and individual machines.

Automation and robotization rapidly penetrate into all areas, including manufacturing. It is expected that in 15-20 years, machines will replace a person in most routine operations that do not require creative skills. Therefore, the need for specialists with these skills will grow in all sectors. It is these specialists who will have to ensure the massive arrival of machines in all sectors of the economy.

Automation of production will eliminate the human factor and increase labor productivity where routine operations are present that do not require special training and creative skills. Specialists will be in demand not in the main production, but in the field of servicing and tuning machines, robots and systems that make algorithmic decisions.

The ability of a specialist to combine (summarize) particular facts into a big picture, build hierarchical levels for understanding various situations (economic, political, business) and making long-term decisions. An important quality is the understanding of how a change in one element will subsequently affect other elements.

The importance of systemic thinking is increasing due to the acceleration of changes in life, the need to learn new professions, as well as the growing interpenetration of various areas in each other (social networks, economics, politics, production, etc.).

Specialists with systemic thinking skills will be able to solve such problems, make strong long-term decisions in the context of rapid changes in the economy, diagnose large technical and social systems, make decisions on eliminating the root causes that hinder development, and this skill will allow for the integration of various project teams into a single working organism.

Environmental thinking is focused on achieving harmony between business and the environment. A business cycle is already developing from creation to disposal of a product, and not just its sale and consumption. Environmental thinking puts health and sustainable development at the top of the list.

The importance of environmental thinking is increasing due to the fact that industrial development has reached the limit and all further models of sustainable growth of society, the economy and business should be built on the basis of mutual interests with nature, the ecosystem, its maintenance and development.

Specialists with environmental thinking skills will be able to solve such problems as: respect for resources, achieving zero emission of harmful substances into the environment, waste management and use of secondary resources